NEW for 6/21: On a hospital, Maine and Jan. 6

GwinnettForum  |  Number 21.45  |  June 21, 2022

NEW BRIDGE: The City of Duluth, in partnership with the City of Johns Creek, Gwinnett County and Fulton County, installed a large section of the new pedestrian bridge at Rogers Bridge Park recently. The newly placed truss is the same 228’ in length as the original, with a similar design. However, the new model is significantly heavier weighing in at 287,000 pounds. The original truss was a mere 170,000 pounds in comparison. The truss was prefabricated and then welded and assembled on-site. Assembly took two weeks and 47 tractor trailer loads of truss pieces. Once it was ready to be installed, an 825-ton Demag Crawler was required to move the massive structure into its final home over the Chattahoochee River, completing a project 15 years in the making! 

 IN THIS EDITION

TODAY’S FOCUS: How GMC became Northside Hospital Gwinnett
EEB PERSPECTIVE: As lobsters go, so goes the great State of Maine
ANOTHER VIEW: January 6 was similar to Germany’s Kristallnacht 
SPOTLIGHT: Gateway85 CID
FEEDBACK: Finds another use for the timer on her microwave
UPCOMING: Sugarloaf CID expanding, adding 22 taxable properties
NOTABLE: Georgia Thomas, Shuler winner, heads for Jimmy Awards
RECOMMENDED: Strange Beasts of China by Yan Ge 
GEORGIA TIDBIT: Georgia invades British Florida three times, all unsuccessful
MYSTERY PHOTO: Ancient stone building reminds someone of Europe

TODAY’S FOCUS

How GMC became Northside Hospital Gwinnett

(Editor’s note: Today we present some of the details of an address at the groundbreaking of a new patient tower for Northside Hospital Gwinnett, in Lawrenceville. These remarks were given by Wayne Sikes, who is chairman of the Gwinnett Hospital Authority, and past chairman of Gwinnett Medical System.  He also gave these remarks at the Gwinnett Rotary Club last week.—eeb)

By Wayne Sikes

LAWRENCEVILLE, Ga.  |  Today I hope to tell you some details that you may not know about our hospital system. These may be “Ge-wiz, I didn’t know that” facts. Plus, I want to tell you why and how our beloved Gwinnett Medical Center became Northside Hospital Gwinnett.

From no hospital in Lawrenceville, to groundbreaking of an eventual 17 story tower, how did this happen? Until 1959, Lawrenceville had no hospital. At the start of 1950s, there were 27 beds at Joan Glancy Hospital in Duluth, and 17 beds at Hutchens Memorial Hospital in Buford. Then in 1959, Lawrenceville got a 35 bed federally-financed Hill-Burton hospital.

As Gwinnett’s population started to explode in the 1970s, under new federal hospital legislation, everyone was out to make money on healthcare. In 1980, a new for-profit hospital was built in Snellville, and the Lawrenceville hospital watched their paying patients leave.

To survive, Lawrenceville needed a new hospital.  Its Authority issued revenue anticipation certificates to move the idea forward, bringing in a young CEO Frank Rinker to lead it. It opened in 1984 with 190 beds. Gwinnett Medical Center in 2006  built a new hospital in Duluth.  It built a new tower in  Lawrenceville under the direction of President Phil Wolfe, and expanded technology advances.

In the late 1990s, hospitals began to change their form of governance, since as an Authority, it could not easily contract for more than one year, and could not borrow for bond debt without voter approval.

The solution for the Hospital Authority was to lease its hospital operations to a not-for-profit corporation. In our case, Gwinnett Medical System was born, leasing the hospital for 40 years. Few people realized the difference. About  2014, many hospitals began to feel a cost squeeze, with larger insurers dictating prices, and suppliers also hiking prices, so the hospitals were in a squeeze.

Around 2016, the Medical System board, led by Chair Mike Levengood, made a bold move: they decided to act while GMC was financially strong, and seek a large partner to match the Gwinnett culture.

After an exhaustive search, they chose Northside Hospital. What followed was two years of gut-wrenching, detailed work to win approval. (Without this approval, it would have been a disaster for GMC.) Though Northside had to spend a fortune on lawyers, they did not walk away.  And in 2019, the Federal Trade Commission granted approval of the merger. 

So Gwinnett Medical Center transitioned to Northside Hospital, Gwinnett. This was accomplished by replacing Gwinnett Medical System with Northside Hospital on the lease.  The term was 40 years, and by agreement, Gwinnett will always have six citizens on the Northside Hospital board.  And note that the owner of the hospital remains the Hospital Authority of Gwinnett.

That’s it in a nutshell. The Authority looks forward to the days ahead as Northside Hospital is doing a beautiful job in providing high quality medical services to our community, and keeping up with the ever-changing medical practices.

The six persons from Gwinnett on the Northside Hospital board include Wayne Sikes, Mike Levengood, Norwood Davis, Terry Jondahl, Dr. Carlton Buchanan and Dr. Keith Carnes.

EEB PERSPECTIVE

As lobsters go, so goes the great state of Maine

Via Unsplash

By Elliott Brack
Editor and Publisher, GwinnettForum

JUNE 21, 2022  |  Our great country has many wonderful places to visit, with a vast assortment of scenery, activities, foods and people. 

With the summer approaching, and the temperatures here aiming toward 100, it was a good time to visit in the state of Maine, a beautiful place in warm weather with a certain laid-back attitude that attracts many “summercasters.” We visited right before Maine’s big season for visitors, which is July and  August.  The weather certainly cooperated, in the 80s only one day, and most nights between 55-60. 

We centered on the coast above Portland, never going more north than Bucksport and Kennebunkport to the south. This coastline is a continuous series of peninsulas, some 20-30 miles long. Often you are on one peninsula and able to look 2-3 miles away and see another peninsula, but if you don’t have a ferry, it might take you 50 miles to drive to it.  Because of this geography, and for both fishing and pleasure, it seems like boats almost outnumber the people of coastal Maine. 

Though Maine’s “coast shoreline” is only 228 miles long, its “tidal shoreline” is 3,478-miles, fourth longest in the nation.

Go to Maine, if you like seafood at all, the big attraction is lobster. While tradition politically has it “as Maine goes, so goes the nation,” we would paraphrase “As lobsters go, so goes Maine.”  

Mainers think highly of their lobster. Many maintain that the best way to enjoy lobster is the Maine lobster roll, best eaten at the many roadside stands you find along the highways. But these will set you back a pretty penny. The highest price we saw was $36 for a lobster roll, and that’s merely a hot dog bun toasted with either light mayonnaise or butter, and you get about six ounces of lobster. The smallest  whole lobster on menus was a 1.25 pounder, going for $40 or more. They sell a lot.

Yep, we admit we missed one day without tasting lobster. The very best we had was at a “lobster pound” in Lincolnville for one pound of cracked lobster claws ($25). Yes, it was really good. We had dinner at an outdoor table. The drawn butter was in a plastic cup. Can’t you see this? Somehow we overturned the butter, and with the slatted table, spilled the butter over one pant leg. Ugh! But the cracked claws were really good!

We centered our trip in the charming harbor town of Camden. One day’s venture was a two hour schooner sailing trip.  We virtually had a private tour, with only one other passenger for the two man crew to entertain.  The day was sunny and calm, and the sailing smooth and quiet.

Our “tallest” journey was 420 feet into the sky at the cable-stayed Penobscot Narrows Bridge and Observatory, the world’s tallest public bridge observatory. The span across the river is 2,120 feet long. Another ‘Wow!”

When in Portland (such a nice city!), we were only 35 miles from Kennebunkport, where members of the Bush family have visited in summers for ages. We can see why. The Atlantic waves pound the rocks there, where substantial homes are right along the coast road. Bet it would cost you a pretty penny to own anything there.  

The state of Maine is indeed, its own “state of mind.” It was thoroughly enjoyable. 

Politically, Maine’s  governor and both houses of the legislature are Democratic, while one senator (Susan Collins) is Republican and another (Angus King) is independent. Its two members of the House of Representatives are also Democratic. 

ANOTHER VIEW

January 6 was similar to Germany’s Kristallnacht 

By Ashley Herndon

OCEANSIDE, Calif.  |  Posit One:  Authoritarians are like cancers. No matter what we do, both are always with us. We have yet to defeat either, only treat them. They are both killers and maimers. Both have a ‘recognizable indicator’ phase.

Herndon

Posit Two:  There are Immutable Laws in the universe, social and physical, that always win.

My mother and grandmother were both very bright ladies who during periods of their lives taught school.  They were wise women who worked in vastly different environments, grandmother in a one room multi-grade Gwinnett County school, and mother (the first woman to attend Georgia Tech) taught math in public school of Muscogee County and then advanced math and atomic physics in the Westminster and Lovett Schools. She later was successful in real estate sales.  Both were widowed, grandmother with five children and mother with one. 

Both of these women taught the fact that our universe has certain Immutable Laws that must not be broken, whether social or physical.  If they are broken, there are consequences.  They believed and taught that each of us carry a particle of creation which sustains us, but can also, when misused or mismanaged, destroy us.  Six degrees or 100 degrees of separation matters not. We cannot afford to destroy our fellow mankind.

Some of these laws are not “fun” nor “pleasant.”  They simply “are” immutable. 

Today’s computer graphics have made a normal day dull to many.  Hence, they feel the need to over-extend their emotions.  A political rally ensuring hate and ear seems to jack some folks to wild outbursts, (i.e.,  9/11, January 6 and over 220 mass murders already this year alone).  Abiding by immutable laws is dull for a certain segment to share.  So they put on these “shows of ignorance, or is it stupidity?  The result January 6 shows, however, was seditious.  Immutable laws were broken, exposing a “recognizable indicator.”

From the visual replays we see on television, seditious people were having a gay old time attacking the world’s strongest effort at living in a democratic environment.  They just had to hurt someone, pushed to try to hang the vice president, and publicly execute the speaker of the House.  Wow!  (Did you read that this mob got within 40 feet of the vice president? That’s scary! How low can you go?  

Life in these United States is not a limbo contest.  It took fawning to fears and fanning flames born of mis-education to a new level. Some may claim that they were just having fun, and others blame it on a man who will not go down in history looking good, but will always be remembered for what he tried to incite.  But he will not be forgiven.

The pushing has led to shoving which has led to murder.  The authoritarian fascists are perfecting the cross-breeding of clowns and politicians, polluting the minds of some citizens like a necrotizing fasciitis and poisoning the surrounding flesh.

January 6 was America’s violent spectacle just like Germany’s Kristallnacht  (Night of broken glass) was in 1938.

Seditionists suspended normal standards of behavior, by direction.  The immutable was challenged…both January 6  and 1938 were hideous.

The Immutable Laws still stand.

IN THE SPOTLIGHT

Gateway85 CID

The public spiritedness of our sponsors allows us to bring GwinnettForum.com to you at no cost to readers. Gateway85 Community Improvement District is a self-taxing  district that includes just over 800 commercial property owners with a property value of over $1.7 billion. Gateway85 includes the southwestern part of Gwinnett County including properties along Jimmy Carter Boulevard, Buford Highway, Indian Trail Road, and Beaver Ruin Road. Gateway85 is one of five  CIDs to be created in Gwinnett County and is one of the largest CIDs in the state. The community is an economic powerhouse that helps fuel the regional economy. More than 3,000 businesses employing roughly 47,400 people call Gateway85 home. The jobs in the district account for almost 16 percent of Gwinnett County’s total employment. Gateway85 provides $27.5 billion in economic output for the County and $36.4 billion economic output for Georgia. Gateway85’s mission is to improve property values through increased security, decreased traffic congestion, and general improvements to the curb appeal and infrastructure of the area. The CID has recently moved its headquarters to a portion of the Gwinnett County-owned OFS site. The mailing address is 1485 Chinook Ct., Lilburn, Ga. For more information, visit https://www.gateway85.com/ or call 770 409 8100.  

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FEEDBACK

Finds another use for the timer on her microwave

Editor, the Forum: 

I got the biggest chuckle from both Joe Briggs and Tim Keith about their ideas for the sounds our appliances should be using when they time out. I have to say my washing machine has the most delightful little ditty it plays when the wash is done. Of course, throughout the cycle I have to listen to it banging around when the load becomes unbalanced, but there is that gentle toot at the end when the wash is completed. 

Who says appliance manufacturers don’t have a sense of whimsy when it comes to letting us know our food is cooked or in my case, my laundry is done. The dryer has no buzzer, bell or beeper when it’s done. That’s when I set my microwave timer. 

– Sara Rawlins, Lawrenceville

Send us your thoughts:  We encourage you to send us your letters and thoughts on issues raised in GwinnettForum.  Please limit comments to 300 words, and include your hometown.  The views of letters are the opinion of the contributor. We reserve the right to edit for clarity and length.  Send feedback and letters to:  elliott@brack.net.

UPCOMING

Sugarloaf CID expanding adding 22 taxable properties

The Sugarloaf Community Improvement District (CID) will expand its district boundaries by 22 taxable parcels, adding over $212 million in appraised value to the CID. Gwinnett commissioners approved this expansion recently. This is the sixth expansion since the CID formed in 2016, and it will grow the CID to a total of 114 taxable parcels. 

A large part of the expansion includes Sugarloaf Mills and the area around this mall. The expansion also  includes commercial properties on Sugarloaf Parkway, North Brown Road, Sever Road, Duluth Highway Atkinson Road, Satellite Boulevard, Meadow Church Roadand Boggs Road. In addition to Sugarloaf Mills, the expansion also includes a number of Class A office buildings, including TerraCap and Huntcrest office buildings.  

The Sugarloaf CID works with Gwinnett County and other partners to make improvements in the public right-of-way surrounding the commercial properties in the district. When property owners join the district, they agree to pay an additional tax of 3.5 mills to fund projects that ensure the district is connected, safe and attractive. 

Keeling returns to GGC as head tennis coach

The Georgia Gwinnett College’s successful tennis programs will have a familiar voice and presence as Hannah Keeling returns to Lawrenceville and the GGC Tennis Facility to serve as head coach for the men’s and women’s teams. Associate Vice President of Athletics Dr. Darin S. Wilson announced the replacement for founding head coach Chase Hodges, who remains as an advisor with the program. after accepting an executive role to help promote the sport internationally. Keeling was an assistant coach at GGC from 2018-20, helping the men’s and women’s teams sweep NAIA national championships in 2018 and 2019.

Keeling has been a successful NCAA Division I head coach during the past two years. She led the Georgia State University women’s tennis team to a 17-6 record this past spring, including a 9-1 mark in Sun Belt Conference matches. The Panthers advanced to the second round of the conference tournament. The team’s 2022 performance was a 15-win improvement from the season before she arrived.

Georgia Gwinnett College men’s tennis program has captured eight straight NAIA national championships and won the last 168 matches – the longest winning streak in collegiate sports history. The Grizzlies have a 32-0 record in NAIA Championship tournament play. The 2022 team had a 21-0 record with victories against NAIA and NCAA Division I, II and III opponents.

Meanwhile, the women’s tennis program has won six straight NAIA titles and 59 straight matches, including a 17-0 record this spring against quality NAIA and NCAA competition.

New Leadership Gwinnett class has 48 members

Leadership Gwinnett has announced the 48 people who make up the Leadership Gwinnett Class of 2023 — the 37th class. These talented individuals will spend nine months immersed in an active learning experience, diving into our community’s history, assets and challenges, emerging ready to create positive change alongside a network of influencers and decision-makers. The new class begins in August 2022 and will run through May 2023.

The Class of 2023:

  • Andrea Alabi, Chief Assistant Solicitor General, Atlanta Judicial Circuit;
  • Greg Armstrong, Assistant Director of EMBA & PMBA Academic Affairs, University of Georgia/Terry College of Business Executive & Professional MBA Programs;
  • Jason Arnold, Financial Advisor, Edward Jones;
  • Miriam Arnold-Johnson, Attorney at Law, Law Office of Miriam Arnold-Johnson;       
  • Angela Banks, Deputy Director, Office of Informatics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;
  • Jasmine Billings, Community Development Manager, City of Lawrenceville;
  • Kristin Boscan, Managing Director, Office of Workforce Development, Center for Global Health Innovation;
  • Natalie Cho, President, Nature Collection;
  • Eric Christ, Chief Product Officer, Inclusivv (Councilmember, City of Peachtree Corners);
  • Claire Dees, Executive Director, Spectrum Autism Support Group, Inc.;
  • Bill Diehl, Associate Attorney, Thompson, O’Brien, Kappler & Nasuti, PC;
  • Kevin Dodson, Business Development Manager, Jackson EMC;
  • Christopher Dyar, Manager – Sales & Business Development, Hegwood Automation and Controls;
  • Lyndon Earley, Managing Partner, Purpose Finders;
  • Jennifer Griffin, Associate Director of Annual Gifts, Northside Hospital – GMC Foundation;
  • Talbert Hill, Founder, SolutionForce, LLC;
  • Kim Holland, Director, Early Learning and School Readiness, Gwinnett County Public Schools;
  • Joon Jeong, President / Attorney at Law, The Law Office of Joon Jeong, LLC;
  • Darcie Johnson, Director of Development, Georgia Gwinnett College;
  • Greg Johnson, Director of Development and Marketing, Good Samaritan Health Centers of Gwinnett;
  • Kevin Jones, Branch Manager / AVP, GBC;
  • Ryan Jones, Director of Community Development, Neighborhood Cooperative Ministries;
  • Victoria Jones, Councilmember, City of Lawrenceville;
  • Shelley Koch, Consultant, Koch Orthodontics;
  • Megan Lesko, Vice President of Membership Development, Gwinnett Chamber of Commerce;
  • Brenda Lopez Romero, Senior Assistant District Attorney, Gwinnett County District Attorney’s Office;
  • Daryl Manns, Chief Assistant District Attorney, Gwinnett County District Attorney’s Office;
  • Santiago Marquez, CEO, Latin American Association  ;   
  • Adrienne S. McAllister, Director, Human Resources, Gwinnett County Government;
  • Sabrina McCorvey, Senior Director, Continuous Improvement, Mitsubishi Electric Trane HVAC US, LLC;
  • Tara McDaniel, Senior Consultant, Physician Outreach Services, Piedmont Eastside Medical Center;
  • Cass Mooney, Chief of Police, City of Suwanee Police Department;
  • Ginger Ragsdale Barber, Owner, G. Ragsdale Builders, LLC;
  • Kamden Robb, Senior Manager of Sales Channels, Gas South, LLC;
  • Carlton Rouse, Attorney at Law, Rouse & Company, LLC;
  • Captain Paul Ryerson, Commanding Officer, The Salvation Army of Gwinnett;
  • Rebecca Shelton, Assistant Director, Gwinnett County Department of Water Resources;
  • Andrea Sieber, External Affairs Manager (Metro North – Gwinnett), Georgia Power;
  • Nhan-Ai Simms, Juvenile Court Judge, Gwinnett County Juvenile Court;
  • Al Taylor, Associate Superintendent for School Improvement & Operations, Gwinnett County Public Schools;
  • Marline Thomas, Office of the CIO, Chief of Staff, Orbia (Councilmember, City of Duluth);
  • Chad Wasdin, Communications Director, GNR Public Health;
  • Keyana Washington, MD, MPH, Physician, CEO, Gwinnett Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine;
  • Jasper Watkins III, County Commissioner District 3, Gwinnett County Board of Commissioners;
  • Jen Welch, Director of Programs, Gwinnett/Walton Habitat for Humanity;
  • Julie Wickman, Assistant Dean of Experiential Education; Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, PCOM School of Pharmacy;
  • Pam Williams, Cluster Superintendent, Gwinnett County Public Schools; and
  • Matthew Yarbrough, District Director of Outreach, Office of US Congresswoman Carolyn Bourdeaux.      

Georgia Thomas, Shuler winner, heads for Jimmy Awards

Thomas

Greater Atlanta Christian School Alum Georgia Thomas (Class of 2022) was heading to New York City on June 20 to prepare for The National High School Musical Theatre Awards, more commonly known as The Jimmy Awards. The Jimmy Awards are given annually to recognize musical theatre performances by high school students across the United States.  Thomas qualified as a Jimmy Awards nominee by winning best actress at the Georgia High School Musical Theatre Awards, the 2022 Shuler Awards, organized by ArtsBridge Foundation, on April 21.  She won best actress for her performance in the title role of “Anastasia”. As part of the 2022 Shuler Awards, Thomas also earned two theater and performing arts-related scholarships through ArtsBridge Foundation, including the Alliance Theatre Summer Intensive Scholarship and the Lockstep Technology Group Jimmy Awards Scholarship. Thomas will spend the week of June 20 at The Juilliard School alongside 91 other high school performers, participating in master classes and receiving training and preparation with Broadway coaches and accomplished theatre professionals. On June 27, the performers will make their Broadway debut at the Minskoff Theater.

NOTABLE

Mountain Park gets ARC grant for revitalization study

The unincorporated and incorporated part of Mountain Park in Gwinnett (in red)

The Mountain Park Community Association (MPCA) is getting a $100,000 grant from the Atlanta Regional Commission. The grant will fund a commercial revitalization plan for the intersections of Five Forks-Trickum Road at Rockbridge Road and Killian Hill Road.   

Gwinnett Planning and Development Department  partnered with MPCA to submit the grant application.   Instead of perpetually fighting development after plans have entered the permitting process, the people of Mountain Park-Lilburn have an opportunity to get in front of development to make decisions (in advance) on how we want that development to look, with the development of a master plan to intentionally enhance the community’s character and sense of place. MPCA has over 600 community members on its email list and 1.2K followers on its Facebook newsfeed. 

Two from GGC win Women in Technology Scholarships

Teyani

Mac-Cephas

Two Georgia Gwinnett College (GGC) information technology students have earned scholarships from Women in Technology (WIT), an Atlanta-based nonprofit organization dedicated to helping women excel in the science, technology, engineering, arts and math fields (STEAM). The students are Chenanniah Mac-Cephas of Lawrenceville and Rian Teyani of Suwanee, who won $20,000 and $15,000, respectively. 

RECOMMENDED

Strange Beasts of China, by Yan Ge

From Karen J. Harris, Stone Mountain: A cryptologist in the city of Yong’An is researching fabled beasts long unidentified for their mystery and uniqueness. Her writing about these beasts is to be a story that will be printed as either a book or a series of short pieces.  As she delves into this mystery with the help of her professor and his assistant, the boundaries become blurred, and her sense of self becomes murky at best. The nine beast types are each a wonder with elements both sublime and disconcerting.  As the story concludes, the reader sees the parallels that are evident in today’s modern culture.  The Strange Beasts of China is an enthralling read that will be difficult to forget.

  • An invitation: what books, restaurants, movies or web sites have you enjoyed recently? Send us your recent selection, along with a short paragraph (150 words) as to why you liked this, plus what you plan to visit or read next.  Send to: elliott@brack.net 

GEORGIA TIDBIT

Georgia invades British Florida three times, all unsuccessful

Though Georgians opposed British trade regulations, many hesitated to join the revolutionary movement that emerged in the American colonies in the early 1770s and resulted in the Revolutionary War (1775-83). The colony had prospered under royal rule, and many Georgians thought that they needed the protection of British troops against a possible Indian attack. 

The  arrival of British warships in the Savannah River in January 1776 caused the first crisis in Savannah. The Council of Safety, convinced that Savannah was the object of the British incursion, placed Governor Wright under house arrest. There followed the so-called Battle of the Rice Boats on March 2-3, 1776, when British warships seized rice-laden merchant ships in the Savannah harbor. The seizure of crops was the British purpose, not the capture of Savannah. The fleet sailed with the rice and with the fugitive Governor Wright and his chief councilors.

In the absence of the governor, the next provincial congress met in Augusta and proceeded to draft a simple frame of government that went into effect on May 1, 1776. The congress elected Archibald Bulloch president and commander in chief of militia. George Walton joined Lyman Hall and Button Gwinnett as Georgia delegates to the Philadelphia convention in time to sign the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.

By  August Major General Charles Lee, military commander in the South, allowed himself to be persuaded by Georgians to stage an invasion of British East Florida. Unfortunately, he was recalled to the North, taking his Virginia and North Carolina troops with him, and the expedition got no farther than Sunbury, just south of Savannah, when South Carolina ordered her militia to return. 

Congress recommended that the newly independent states adopt a permanent frame of government. Accordingly, Georgians elected delegates to a state constitutional convention that met in October 1776 in Savannah. 

Button Gwinnett acted as speaker of the convention. He and his fellow radical Whigs suspected many conservative Whigs of being secret Tories. Gwinnett’s arrest of George McIntosh, the brother of General Lachlan McIntosh, fueled animosity between radical and conservative Georgians. At the height of the controversy, Gwinnett decided upon an invasion of Florida. Gwinnett considered himself commander in chief of the Georgia militia and refused to cooperate with General McIntosh, who commanded the brigade of Continental soldiers. After the failure of the expedition, the two principals quarreled about which one was to blame. They fought a duel, both were wounded, and Gwinnett died. The radical Whigs raised such a cry against McIntosh that Congress transferred him out of Georgia for service under General George Washington at Valley Forge, Penn.

The first two failures did not dissuade Georgians from a third attempt upon Florida in 1778. With that limited success, the invaders returned to Georgia.

Other than the three abortive invasions of Florida and the patrolling of the western frontier, the Whigs accomplished little during the first three years of independence except survival. However, they gained experience in self-government and a determination not to surrender their new independence, and that was no small achievement. 

MYSTERY PHOTO

Ancient stone building reminds you of Europe

Today’s Mystery Photo is made of stone, looks ancient, and also has a certain European look. Now see if you can determine where this building is located. Send your ideas to Elliott@brack.net, and include your hometown. 

Photo from Peel

Original mystery

The Mystery Photo in the June 10 edition (after one week of no Forum), was spotted by only George Graf of Palmyra, Va. He wrote: “This is the Honfleur Lighthouse, Port of Honfleur, in the Norman town of Honfleur, France.  This lighthouse was built in 1876. The present lighthouse replaced an 1843 masonry tower, which is believed to have replaced an earlier light. Located at the point of the jetty, marking the entrance to the Avant Port in the old city section of Honfleur. Its red light osculating twice every six seconds in a  12m (40 foot) round cylindrical tower with lantern and gallery, mounted on a stone base. I’m including a photo of the old masonry tower lighthouse.”  The photo came from Allan Peel of San Antonio, Tex. 

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